AGOA, which initially enacted in 2000, expired on 30 September 2025. 

This initiative provides qualifying sub-Saharan African countries with duty-free entry to the US market for over 1,800 products, in addition to more than 5,000 goods included under the Generalised System of Preferences.  

AGOA sets strict eligibility requirements related to governance, anti-corruption measures, human rights, and market access. In 2024, 32 countries met the requirements to receive AGOA benefits.  

Congress most recently revised and extended the programme in 2015, establishing its former expiry date in 2025. 

The act is considered central to US efforts to respond to economic activities by China and Russia in Africa.  

China has invested an estimated $8bn to $10bn in Africa, aiming to secure access to critical mineral resources, which account for about 30% of global supply.  

AGOA’s renewal follows recent US diplomatic efforts in Africa, including actions addressing stability between Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, as well as the announcement of a strategic partnership agreement with the DRC on mineral development. 

The HOPE/HELP programme provides trade preferences for textile and apparel products from Haiti.  

Supporters argue that maintaining this access is important for stabilising Haiti’s apparel sector amid ongoing political challenges and for addressing security concerns related to instability in a country located less than 700 miles from the US.  

Renewal is also seen as consistent with American trade priorities focused on nearshoring and onshoring. 

Both AGOA and HOPE/HELP had faced expiry, raising concerns among US industries reliant on stable international sourcing.  

The House vote provides a three-year retroactive extension for both programmes if enacted into law.  

Recently, the American Apparel & Footwear Association (AAFA), along with other trade groups, urged Congress to act on these measures due to uncertainty created by lapsed preferences. 

AAFA trade and customs policy vice president Beth Hughes said: “Yesterday’s vote reflects bipartisan recognition that protecting the African and Haitian apparel and footwear industries strengthens the US apparel and footwear industry, and its 3.6 million American workers, by opening markets for US cotton and textile exports and advancing diversified sourcing goals. These programs promote stable, transparent supply chains while expanding economic opportunity. We urge swift action as the bill now moves to the Senate.”